import turtle
import random
import math

screen = turtle.Screen()
screen.setup(400, 400)
screen.bgcolor('skyblue')

pen = turtle.Turtle()
pen.hideturtle()
pen.speed(0)

def draw_circle(radius, color):
    pen.penup()
    pen.goto(0, -radius)
    pen.pendown()
    pen.color(color)
    pen.begin_fill()
    pen.circle(radius)
    pen.end_fill()

draw_circle(100, 'red')
draw_circle(70, 'white')
draw_circle(40, 'red')

arrow_x = random.randint(-150, 150)
arrow_y = random.randint(-150, 150)

pen.penup()
pen.goto(arrow_x, arrow_y)
pen.color('black')
pen.dot(10)

distance = math.sqrt(arrow_x**2 + arrow_y**2)
print(f'Arrow landed at ({arrow_x}, {arrow_y})')
print(f'Distance from centre: {distance}')

if distance < 40:
    print('BULLSEYE! 10 points 🎯')
elif distance < 70:
    print('Inner ring! 5 points')
elif distance < 100:
    print('Outer ring! 1 point')
else:
    print('You missed! 0 points')

screen.mainloop()

_{Project 2 — Step 4 of 5}

⭐ Step 4 — Score with if / elif / else

➡️ Use the distance to decide the score.

The target has three rings with these sizes:

• Centre red — within 40 pixels → 10 points (bullseye!)
• White ring — within 70 pixels → 5 points
• Outer red — within 100 pixels → 1 point
• Off the target — anywhere else → 0 points (a miss)

Python picks between these options with if, elif (short for “else if”), and else. Python checks them in order and runs the first one whose rule is true.

✏️ What to type

At the bottom (before screen.mainloop()), add:

if distance < 40:
    print('BULLSEYE! 10 points 🎯')
elif distance < 70:
    print('Inner ring! 5 points')
elif distance < 100:
    print('Outer ring! 1 point')
else:
    print('You missed! 0 points')

import turtle
import random
import math

screen = turtle.Screen()
screen.setup(400, 400)
screen.bgcolor('skyblue')

pen = turtle.Turtle()
pen.hideturtle()
pen.speed(0)

def draw_circle(radius, color):
    pen.penup()
    pen.goto(0, -radius)
    pen.pendown()
    pen.color(color)
    pen.begin_fill()
    pen.circle(radius)
    pen.end_fill()

draw_circle(100, 'red')
draw_circle(70, 'white')
draw_circle(40, 'red')

arrow_x = random.randint(-150, 150)
arrow_y = random.randint(-150, 150)

pen.penup()
pen.goto(arrow_x, arrow_y)
pen.color('black')
pen.dot(10)

distance = math.sqrt(arrow_x**2 + arrow_y**2)
print(f'Arrow landed at ({arrow_x}, {arrow_y})')
print(f'Distance from centre: {distance}')

# Add an if / elif / else here to score the arrow

screen.mainloop()

Tap ▶ Run a few times. Each time, you’ll see a different score depending on where the arrow lands.

🔍 Tip

The lines under each if, elif, or else are pushed in by 4 spaces. That’s how Python knows which lines belong to each case.

Python only runs one of the cases — the first one whose rule is true. If you score a bullseye, it doesn’t also check the other rings.

💡 If you get a red error

• Check each line ends with : after the rule.
• Make sure all the print lines are pushed in by 4 spaces.

Next → Step 5

_{⬅ Back to Step 3}

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_{Adapted from Raspberry Pi Foundation — Target Practice under CC BY-SA 4.0.}